Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1: prevalence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35954/SM2019.38.1.3Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic SyndromeAbstract
The Metabolic Syndrome is a complex clinical entity, defined by the presence of a set of metabolic risk factors that, associated with Insulin Resistance, increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in non-diabetic individuals and in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The presence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components has also been described in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which for some would define the concept of Double Diabetes. For this reason, the objective set for this paper is to determine the relationship between the components of the Metabolic Syndrome and the quantification of Insulin Resistance in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The identification in the clinical practice of a group of patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1, with phenotype of overweight / obesity, leads us to think that we are facing a specific population, with greater risk of micro and macrovascular complications. We decided to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus that are attended and controlled in the Diabetes Care
Teaching Unit, located within the Pasteur Hospital, during the period April-June 2018; considering that a deeper exploration of the subject will improve the contribution to our knowledge in an unexplored area in our environment and it shall be significant in order to improve the clinical and therapeutic approach towards these patients.
Type 2; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome.
Downloads
References
(1) Guías ALAD sobre el Diagnóstico, Control y Tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 con Medicina Basada en Evidencia. Revista de la ALAD 2013. 142 p. Disponible en: http://endosuem.org.uy/wpcontent/uploads/2015/05/GUIAS-ALAD-2013.pdf [Consulta 20/03/2018]
(2) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2017. Diabetes Care 2017; 40(Suppl 1):S1-S132.
(3) Ahlqvist E, Storm P, Käräjämäki A, Martinell M, Dorkhan M, Carlsson A, et al. Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6(5):361-369. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30051-2
(4) Leslie RD, Palmer J, Schloot NC, Lernmark A. Diabetes at the crossroads: relevance of disease classification to pathophysiology and treatment. Diabetologia 2016; 59(1):13-20. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3789-z
(5) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285(19):2486-2497.
(6) James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311(5):507-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427
(7) Bulum T, Duvnjak L. Insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes: relationship with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Acta Clin Croat 2013; 52(1):43-51.
(8) Sanhueza L, Concha L, Durruty P, Rubio C, Wolff C, García de los Ríos M. Diabéticos tipo 1 portadores de síndrome metabólico: cuantificación de la resistencia a la insulina. Rev chil endocrinol diabetes 2014; 7(3):89-93.
(9) Donga E, van Dijk M, van Dijk JG, Biermasz NR, Lammers GJ, van Kralingen K, et al. Partial sleep restriction decreases insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010; 33(7):1573-7. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2317
(10) Schauer IE, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bergman BC, Maahs DM, Kretowski A, Eckel RH, et al. Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: The CACTI study. Diabetes 2011; 60(1):306-14. doi: 10.2337/db10-0328
(11) Epstein EJ, Osman JL, Cohen HW, Rajpathak SN, Lewis O, Crandall JP. Use of the estimated glucose disposal rate as a measure of insulin resistance in an urban multiethnic population with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 36(8):2280-5. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1693
(12) Girgis CM, Scalley BD, Park KE. Utility of the estimated glucose disposal rate as a marker of microvascular complications in young adults with type 1diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96(3):e70-2. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.004
(13) Pop A, Clenciu D, Anghel M, Radu S, Socea B, Mota E, et al. “Insulin resistance is associated with all chronic complications in type 1 diabetes”. J Diabetes 2016; 8(2):220-8. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12283
(14) Pambianco G, Costacou T, Orchard TJ. The prediction of major outcomes of type 1 diabetes: a 12 year prospective evaluation of three separate definitions of the metabolic syndrome, and their components and estimated glucose disposal rate: the Pittsburg Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study experience. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(5):1248-54.
(15) Merger SR, Kerner W, Stadler M, Zeyfang A, Jehle P, Müller-Korbsch M, et al. Prevalence and comorbidities of double diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 119:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.003
(16) Ferreira Hermosillo A, Vargas Ortega G, González Virla B, Mercado Atri M, Molina Ayala M. Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) en pacientes diabeticos tipo 1. Gac Med Mex 2012; 148(2):137-43.
(17) Cleland SJ, Fisher BM, Colhoun HM, Sattar N, Petrie JR. 2013. Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: what is "double diabetes" and what are the risks?. Diabetología 2013; 56:1462-1470.
(18) Teupe B, Bergis K. Epidemiological evidence for “double diabetes”. Lancet 1991; 337(8737):361-2.
(19) Chillarón JJ, Goday A, Flores-Le-Roux JA, Benaiges D, Carrera MJ, Puig J, et al. Estimated glucose disposal rate in assessment of the metabolic syndrome and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94(9):3530-4. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0960
(20) The DCCT Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 1995; 44(8):968-983.
(21) Atala Dib S. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2006; 50(2):250-263.
(22) Báez MS, Novik V, Alegría F, Cardemil F, Riveros R, Bofill L. Síndrome metabólico en un grupo de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1. ¿Una nueva variedad de diabetes? Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137(7):888-893. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872009000700004
(23) Momesso DP, Bussade I, Lima GA, Fonseca LP, Russo LA, Kupfer R. Body composition, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in type 1diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2011; 55(3):189-93.
(24) Uribe-Wiechers AC, Janka-Zires M, AlmedaValdés P, López-Gutiérrez J, Gómez-Pérez FJ. Albuminuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Contribution of Metabolic Syndrome. Rev Invest Clin 2015; 67(4):266-272.
(25) Timar R, Timar B, Degeratu D, Serafinceanu C, Oancea C. Metabolic syndrome, adiponectin and proinflammatory status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2014; 42(5):1131-8. doi: 10.1177/0300060514541829
(26) Pisabarro R, Gutiérrez M, Bermúdez C, Prendez D, Recalde A, Chaftare Y, et al. Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Sobrepeso y Obesidad (ENSO 2) adultos (18-65 años o más). Rev Méd Urug 2009; 25(1):14-26.
(27) Ferrero R, García MV. Encuesta de prevalencia de la diabetes en Uruguay. Primera fase: Montevideo Año 2004. Arch Med Int 2005; 27:7-12.
(28) Uruguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección General de la Salud, División Epidemiología, 1a Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles. 33 p. Disponible en: file:///C:/Users/pc/Desktop/1er_enfrecnt_2006_1.pdf [Consulta 13/04/2018].
(29) Uruguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Programa de Prevención de Enfermedades no Transmisibles. 2da. Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades no Transmisibles. 44 p. Disponible en: file:///C:/Users/pc/Desktop/2DA_ENCUESTA_NACIONAL_final2_digital.pdf [Consulta 20/03/2018].
(30) Craig ME, Hattersley A, Donaghue K. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2009 Compendium. Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescent. Pedriatric Diabetes 2009; 10(Suppl 12):3-12.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Until 2024 we use the Creative Commons Attribution/NonCommercial Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es. Which states that: you are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as to adapt, remix, transform and build upon the material. Under the following terms:
Attribution: you must give proper credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes have been made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in such a way as to suggest that you or your use is endorsed by the licensor.
NonCommercial: you may not use the material for commercial purposes.
As of 2025 authors retain their copyright and assign to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which shall simultaneously be subject to the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es that permits sharing, copying and redistribution of the material in any medium or format provided that initial publication in this journal is indicated. Adapt, remix, transform and build upon the material. If you remix, transform, or build from the material, you must distribute your contribution under the same license as the original and may not make use of the material for commercial purposes.
Under the following terms:
1. Attribution: you must give proper credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate whether changes have been made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in such a way as to suggest that you or your use is endorsed by the licensor.
2. NonCommercial: you may not use the material for commercial purposes.
3. ShareAlike: if you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contribution under the same license as the original.
PlumX Metrics
/
